Herbs and Herbalism

Plant ID

UK

Trees

Evergreen

Juniper Evergreen conifer. Up to 1.5-3.5m/4-12ft. Stem: reddish Leaves prickly needles in whorls of three Flowers small yellow at base of leaves May – June Fruit green berry like cone in June ripens to dark purple berries September or October

Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over 90 ft

Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.

The leaves open in April and are rounded and inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate

The male flowers are arranged in catkins and are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails. The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody. It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots

Elder Large deciduous bush or tree up to 10m/33ft. with a corky bark. Buds set on alternative twigs. Leaves-5 to 7 leaflets large dark green with toothed margins, opposite, pinnate. Flowers-white umbels of numerous flowers, yellow anthers, four petals May and June. Bark-pale yellow/brown. Berry bunches –clusters of small purple-black fruit end of summer. Straight growing branches

Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over 90 ft

Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.

The leaves open in April and are rounded and inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate

The male flowers are arranged in catkins and are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails. The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody. It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots

Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters 6-9mm. August – November

Ash grey bark. Height up to 148 ft girth of 22 ft Lives up to 150 years. Black buds Tall, long slender branches. Silvery-grey bark, matt black buds & ash keys.

Mature 4-50 years old. Grow up to 130 ft.

Leaves made up of 9 or 13 leaflets. One of the last to come into leaf in spring and the 1^st to drop in autumn. The leaflets have a conduit for water to run down their centre stem

Flowers in April or May. Purple headed stamens no petals.

Seeds green bottled shaped

When the flower drops lime green keys are left (also known as spinners due to the way they spin when thrown)

Deeply rooted and tend to exhaust the soil to little grows under it

Beech 36m/120ft Silver-grey trunk. Pointed buds. Leaves bright green, oval, alternate, turn bronze in autumn. Flowers male dropping stalked heads, female in pairs. Fruit four inside prickly brown husk September-October deciduous tree Only fruits every 3-4 years

Elder Large deciduous bush or tree up to 10m/33ft. with a corky bark. Buds set on alternative twigs. Leaves-5 to 7 leaflets large dark green with toothed margins, opposite, pinnate. Flowers-white umbels of numerous flowers, yellow anthers, four petals May and June. Bark-pale yellow/brown. Berry bunches –clusters of small purple-black fruit end of summer. Straight growing branches

Apple Deciduous Grows up to 9m/30ft with a girth of 3m/10ft.

Oval leaves with wedge shaped base. Bright green on top, pale underneath. Purplish buds with white hair White flowers (wild), pink tinged flowers & thorn-less (domestic) open April – May

Ash grey bark. Height up to 148 ft girth of 22 ft Lives up to 150 years. Black buds Tall, long slender branches. Silvery-grey bark, matt black buds & ash keys.

Mature 4-50 years old. Grow up to 130 ft.

Leaves made up of 9 or 13 leaflets. One of the last to come into leaf in spring and the 1^st to drop in autumn. The leaflets have a conduit for water to run down their centre stem

Flowers in April or May. Purple headed stamens no petals.

Seeds green bottled shaped

When the flower drops lime green keys are left (also known as spinners due to the way they spin when thrown)

Deeply rooted and tend to exhaust the soil to little grows under it

Larch European Deciduous conifer. Can live up to 700 years old. Female flowers bright red, male flowers - yellow

Apple Deciduous Grows up to 9m/30ft with a girth of 3m/10ft.

Oval leaves with wedge shaped base. Bright green on top, pale underneath. Purplish buds with white hair White flowers (wild), pink tinged flowers & thorn-less (domestic) open April – May

Horse Chestnut Deciduous tree up to 30m. Large leaves, white flowers tinged with yellow or pink at the base May-June. The seeds (conkers) are grown and grown in a green prickly shell.

Service tree wild Deciduous tree up to 25m/80ft Leaves are alternate, deeply toothed in pairs. Flowers are white branched clusters May – June Fruit is brown and speckled 12-18mm

Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters 6-9mm. August – November

Lily of the valley Perennial 23-30cm/9-12in Rhizome root Leaves: pale green and in pairs, basal leaves deep ribbed larger than others oblong pointed, lanceolate, up to 15cm long, 5cm wide Flowers: white bell shaped with six stamens May-June. Fruit: red berry September  Sweet scent

Elder Large deciduous bush or tree up to 10m/33ft. with a corky bark. Buds set on alternative twigs. Leaves-5 to 7 leaflets large dark green with toothed margins, opposite, pinnate. Flowers-white umbels of numerous flowers, yellow anthers, four petals May and June. Bark-pale yellow/brown. Berry bunches –clusters of small purple-black fruit end of summer. Straight growing branches

Yellow

Juniper Evergreen conifer. Up to 1.5-3.5m/4-12ft. Stem: reddish Leaves prickly needles in whorls of three Flowers small yellow at base of leaves May – June Fruit green berry like cone in June ripens to dark purple berries September or October

Larch European Deciduous conifer. Can live up to 700 years old. Female flowers bright red, male flowers - yellow

Elder Large deciduous bush or tree up to 10m/33ft. with a corky bark. Buds set on alternative twigs. Leaves-5 to 7 leaflets large dark green with toothed margins, opposite, pinnate. Flowers-white umbels of numerous flowers, yellow anthers, four petals May and June. Bark-pale yellow/brown. Berry bunches –clusters of small purple-black fruit end of summer. Straight growing branches

Service tree wild Deciduous tree up to 25m/80ft Leaves are alternate, deeply toothed in pairs. Flowers are white branched clusters May – June Fruit is brown and speckled 12-18mm

Juniper Evergreen conifer. Up to 1.5-3.5m/4-12ft. Stem: reddish Leaves prickly needles in whorls of three Flowers small yellow at base of leaves May – June Fruit green berry like cone in June ripens to dark purple berries September or October

Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters 6-9mm. August – November

Basal Rosette -Pointed

Houseleek Evergreen perennial. Fiberous root. Leaves: rosettes 5-8cm in diameter, fleshy, sessile, oblong-ovate, incurved, pointed, hairy at margin. Wedge shaped, pointed leaves.

Alternate

Beech 36m/120ft Silver-grey trunk. Pointed buds. Leaves bright green, oval, alternate, turn bronze in autumn. Flowers male dropping stalked heads, female in pairs. Fruit four inside prickly brown husk September-October deciduous tree Only fruits every 3-4 years

Oak Deciduous tree up to 35m/115ft with a broad domed crown Leaves bright green alternate wavy edged. Flowers May-June Acorns

Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters 6-9mm. August – November

Service tree wild Deciduous tree up to 25m/80ft Leaves are alternate, deeply toothed in pairs. Flowers are white branched clusters May – June Fruit is brown and speckled 12-18mm

Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over 90 ft

Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.

The leaves open in April and are rounded and inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate

The male flowers are arranged in catkins and are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails. The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody. It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots

Beech 36m/120ft Silver-grey trunk. Pointed buds. Leaves bright green, oval, alternate, turn bronze in autumn. Flowers male dropping stalked heads, female in pairs. Fruit four inside prickly brown husk September-October deciduous tree Only fruits every 3-4 years

Elder Large deciduous bush or tree up to 10m/33ft. with a corky bark. Buds set on alternative twigs. Leaves-5 to 7 leaflets large dark green with toothed margins, opposite, pinnate. Flowers-white umbels of numerous flowers, yellow anthers, four petals May and June. Bark-pale yellow/brown. Berry bunches –clusters of small purple-black fruit end of summer. Straight growing branches

Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over 90 ft

Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.

The leaves open in April and are rounded and inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate

The male flowers are arranged in catkins and are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails. The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody. It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots

Lily of the valley Perennial 23-30cm/9-12in Rhizome root Leaves: pale green and in pairs, basal leaves deep ribbed larger than others oblong pointed, lanceolate, up to 15cm long, 5cm wide Flowers: white bell shaped with six stamens May-June. Fruit: red berry September  Sweet scent

Loosestrife Herb up to 1m Leaves: short stalked, oval – lanceolate whorls of 2-4 Flowers: yellow 1.5cm-2cm in diameter

Ash grey bark. Height up to 148 ft girth of 22 ft Lives up to 150 years. Black buds Tall, long slender branches. Silvery-grey bark, matt black buds & ash keys.

Mature 4-50 years old. Grow up to 130 ft.

Leaves made up of 9 or 13 leaflets. One of the last to come into leaf in spring and the 1^st to drop in autumn. The leaflets have a conduit for water to run down their centre stem

Flowers in April or May. Purple headed stamens no petals.

Seeds green bottled shaped

When the flower drops lime green keys are left (also known as spinners due to the way they spin when thrown)

Deeply rooted and tend to exhaust the soil to little grows under it

Elder Large deciduous bush or tree up to 10m/33ft. with a corky bark. Buds set on alternative twigs. Leaves-5 to 7 leaflets large dark green with toothed margins, opposite, pinnate. Flowers-white umbels of numerous flowers, yellow anthers, four petals May and June. Bark-pale yellow/brown. Berry bunches –clusters of small purple-black fruit end of summer. Straight growing branches

Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters 6-9mm. August – November

Elder Large deciduous bush or tree up to 10m/33ft. with a corky bark. Buds set on alternative twigs. Leaves-5 to 7 leaflets large dark green with toothed margins, opposite, pinnate. Flowers-white umbels of numerous flowers, yellow anthers, four petals May and June. Bark-pale yellow/brown. Berry bunches –clusters of small purple-black fruit end of summer. Straight growing branches

Apple Deciduous Grows up to 9m/30ft with a girth of 3m/10ft.

Oval leaves with wedge shaped base. Bright green on top, pale underneath. Purplish buds with white hair White flowers (wild), pink tinged flowers & thorn-less (domestic) open April – May

Beech 36m/120ft Silver-grey trunk. Pointed buds. Leaves bright green, oval, alternate, turn bronze in autumn. Flowers male dropping stalked heads, female in pairs. Fruit four inside prickly brown husk September-October deciduous tree Only fruits every 3-4 years

Loosestrife Herb up to 1m Leaves: short stalked, oval – lanceolate whorls of 2-4 Flowers: yellow 1.5cm-2cm in diameter

Service tree wild Deciduous tree up to 25m/80ft Leaves are alternate, deeply toothed in pairs. Flowers are white branched clusters May – June Fruit is brown and speckled 12-18mm

Elder Large deciduous bush or tree up to 10m/33ft. with a corky bark. Buds set on alternative twigs. Leaves-5 to 7 leaflets large dark green with toothed margins, opposite, pinnate. Flowers-white umbels of numerous flowers, yellow anthers, four petals May and June. Bark-pale yellow/brown. Berry bunches –clusters of small purple-black fruit end of summer. Straight growing branches

Juniper Evergreen conifer. Up to 1.5-3.5m/4-12ft. Stem: reddish Leaves prickly needles in whorls of three Flowers small yellow at base of leaves May – June Fruit green berry like cone in June ripens to dark purple berries September or October

Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over 90 ft

Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.

The leaves open in April and are rounded and inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate

The male flowers are arranged in catkins and are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails. The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody. It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots

Loosestrife Herb up to 1m Leaves: short stalked, oval – lanceolate whorls of 2-4 Flowers: yellow 1.5cm-2cm in diameter

Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over 90 ft

Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.

The leaves open in April and are rounded and inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate

The male flowers are arranged in catkins and are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails. The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody. It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots

Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters 6-9mm. August – November

Service tree wild Deciduous tree up to 25m/80ft Leaves are alternate, deeply toothed in pairs. Flowers are white branched clusters May – June Fruit is brown and speckled 12-18mm

Apple Deciduous Grows up to 9m/30ft with a girth of 3m/10ft.

Oval leaves with wedge shaped base. Bright green on top, pale underneath. Purplish buds with white hair White flowers (wild), pink tinged flowers & thorn-less (domestic) open April – May

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