Samantha Grayson - Alternative & Complimentary Therapies - Herbs & Herbalism - Plant ID

Betony Hardy perennial.60cm/2ft. Stems: upright, hairy Leaves-round, lobed, hairy. Set in pairs along a hairy stem. Basal leaves up to 7cm long, ovate or obtuse, cordate base Red/purple flowers tight oblong spikes June-August. Looks similar to a nettle

Burdock greater Biennial. Robust, hairy, erect plant 80-150cm/32-60in tall. Leaves alternate, stalked, basal leaves rough with heart shaped blades, untoothed, up to 50cm/20in. Flowers: similar to thistle heads red/purple occasionally white. Flower bracts with golden green with hooked tips July – September

Coltsfoot Perennial Stems: fleshy, stocky, purplish scales. 10-25cm/4-10in tall. Leaves: appear after flowering, basal, rounded and long stalked with heart shaped base appear end of April. Flowers: Bright golden daisy like, petals narrow and many February – April. Flowers appear before the leaves. Seeds make a dandelion clock

Arnica Perennial alpine aromatic herb. Up to 60cm/2ft branching stems Basal leaves ovate or obovate Stem leaves opposite un-stalked Daisy like flower June-August

Cowslip Perennial soft hairs 30cm/1ft Leaves in basal rosette, wrinkled long, ovate, dark green above, pale green beneath Flowers: scented yellow, red, orange, blue, violet April –May Fruit: oval enclosed within sepals. Sepals: pale green

Cowbane Perennial. Stem: rigid, hollow, furrowed Basal leaves: long stalked. Upper leaves divide into three and three again Flowers: white umbels July – August

Burnet Great Up to 90cm/3ft. Mostly leafless upper stem. Leaves: pinnate, toothed. Basal rosette. Stem leaves alternate Flowers brown/red lacking petals June-September

Bittersweet Perennial up to 2m, creeping, climber Leaves stalked oval to lanceolate, alternate become more pointed towards top of stem Bark: ashen grey with age Flowers: violet 5 petals small yellow stamens May-September Berries: green then yellow then red, oval

Blackthorn Deciduous Thorny shrub or small tree up to 6m/20ft. Slate grey/black bark. Leaves appear in April after the flower -small & oval, alternate, finely toothed. Sharp spines, orange wood. White flowers - February to April 5 white petals Green berries in June Dark-blue berries around August. Ripe in October-November. Called sloes

Broom Perennial, deciduous branched shrub up to 2m fairly straight, erect branches tall Leaves: lower leaves are alternate, trifoliate whilst higher leaves sessile Flowers: yellow May-June Fruit: elongated, hairy pods green-black

Buckthorn Perennial spiny deciduous shrub or small tree up to 8m Leaves alternate, opposite Flowers: Greenish groups of 2-8 May-June Fruit Black berries, globular 8-10mm September

Burnet Great Up to 90cm/3ft. Mostly leafless upper stem. Leaves: pinnate, toothed. Basal rosette. Stem leaves alternate Flowers brown/red lacking petals June-September

Celandine greater Perennial up to 1m tall. Upright, branching stems, bristly hair, and bright orange milky sap. Leaves: alternate green above, blue/green beneath pinnate with oval toothed lobes 15-30cm long, 5-8cm wide. Leaflets: opposite, rounded teeth Flowers yellow 2-3cm, 4 petals May-October Fruit 2-5cm capsule

Clove’s hare foot Annual, grey, hairy up to 30cm/1ft. Erect branching stems Leaves alternate, trifoliate Flowers May-August

Eyebright Annual 5-20cm/2-8in. Stems branched Leaves toothed, lanced shaped, hairy, opposite near base, alternate higher. Numerous white or lilac flowers two lipped, four yellow stamens June-September. Semi-parasitic

Feverfew Perennial plant. Up to 60cm/2ft. Stem: downy, erect Leaves: light yellow/green, divided toothed lobes, alternate, stalked, ovate, pinnate, entire or crenate margin Flowers: white or yellow July –September Short lived, 2cm diameter Aromatic

Foxglove yellow Hairy up to 1m tall. Upright, un-branched stems Leaves: alternate, un-stalked, long pointed Flowers short stalked pale yellow with brown veins July-August

Fumitory Annual hairless up to 30cm/1ft weak Root: yellow, small stems, upright and branched. Leaves: alternate, stalked, pinnate blue/green feathery: Flowers: slender, tubular, two lipped, short spikes pink/white tipped purple May Fruit: globular

Golden rod Perennial herb knotty stem, upright 90-180cm/35-70in Leaves: alternate Flower: Yellow June-September

Goldenrod early Perennial up to 2.5m tall with hairless lower stems Leaves alternate, toothed Flowers: dense clusters August-October

Heather Short, evergreen perennial shrub up to 1m/3ft tall. Branched stems Leaves numerous in opposite rows, smooth or hairy, undivided, alternate. Flowers purple, pink or white and bell shaped in spikes July – November

Henbane Annual or biennial bushy herbaceous, 50-80cm/20-32in tall. Stems: erect, unbranched with soft white hairs Sticky, smelly foliage. Up to 80cm Leaves: alternate, ovate or oblong, toothed, stalkless and hairy Lower leaves: stalked and hairy Flowers yellow/brown purple veined corolla tubes with leafy bracts June – October Fruit: Smooth green in a five toothed cup

Houndstongue Biennial, greyish 40-70cm/16-28in tall. Mousy smell. Long silky hairs Leaves: long tongue shaped, alternate Flowers blood red or purple funnel shaped June – August Fruits: flattened, spiny which sticks to clothes and animal fur

Ivy Perennial evergreen climber up to 30m/100ft Stem: branched Leaves alternate, stalked glossy dark green with white veins. Upper leaves -ovate Flowers: small green, yellow stamen in umbels September-December Fruit: black berries late winter – early spring

Jack in the hedge Annual or biennial up to 70cm/28in tall erect, slender stems. Leaves green, slightly toothed, alternate, heart shaped, stalked smell of garlic when crushed. Flowers small, white clustered April –June

Jacob’s ladder Perennial herb up to 90cm/3ft erect stems Leaves: pinnate, alternate Flowers: lavender blue bell shaped in clusters 5 petals May-June

Lungwort Perennial, hairy, up to 30cm/1ft Basal leaves white spotted Stem leaves alternate, lanceolate up to 60cm Flowers: bell shaped. Pink then turn blue tubular March-May

Marshmallow Perennial 90cm/3ft. Grey-green alternate short stalked triangular or heart shaped toothed leaves, White root Tall erect stems. Soft hairs Flowers June-September single pale pink or white.

Pansy wild Annual/perennial up 20 30cm/1ft leafy stem Leaves alternate Flowers yellow – purple 15mm/½in across. May – September

Toadflax Perennial, many stemmed, hairless up to 90cm.3ft Leaves: alternate grey/yellow, grass like Flowers: pale yellow, 2 lipped, orange spot on lower lip June-October

Chicory Perennial herb. 90-150cm/3-5 ft Thick yellow taproot, milky when broken. Stems, milky sap Lower leaves-long arrow shaped, toothed and hairy underneath. Upper leaves smaller, stalkless. Clear blue, white or pink daisy 3-5cm across like lowers in clusters July-September which close in the evening and open in the morning

Cuckoo pint 15-35cm/6-14in tall. Hairless, fleshy with long stalked untoothed arrow shaped dark green leaves often covered in dark blotches. Flower: chocolate brown spike enclosed in large pointed green hood. Spathe yellow/green April-May Fruit: red berries

Sorrel common Erect perennial 10-120cm/4-47in tall. Leaves oblong, arrow shaped and clasping the stem near the top of the plant Flowers spikes of small, red and green flowers on a smooth stem May – August

Catnip Herbaceous perennial. Maximum growing height 1m/3 ft Stem: quadrangular and hairy. Leaves: stalked, cordate-ovate, pointed, serrate margin, white hairy under surface. Flowers-small white, pinkish tubular, two lipped, in short dense spikes July-September

Horehound black Lower leaves: cordate Upper leaves: ovate, downy with crenate margin. Flowers: purplish, labiate, calyx with 5 spreading broadly ovate teeth

Mullein great Biennial/Perennial stout1-2m/3-6ft. Leaves lanceolate, crenate, downy leaves Flowers yellow clusters in long spikes 30-45cm long June- August. Whole plant covered in white/grey soft hair

Bearberry Evergreen shrub. Up to 20cm/8in. Trailing stems and branches. Leaves-dark green , paler under surface, spatulate, ovate, leathery, 2cm long, 0.5-1cm wide, margins entire. Flowers-clusters, white, pinkish flowers bloom May-August. Bright red berries in autumn.

Belladonna Perennial herb. Thick, whitish root, erect, branching purplish stem. Height 60-150cm/2-5ft. Leaves-dark green, long up to 25cm, pointed oval, stalked, entire margin. Drooping, solitary, bell shaped dull purple flowers, bourne at base of leaves bloom, yellow stamens June-August. Black berries-August-November. Foul smell if plant is crushed.

Flax purging Leaves: opposite, small. Lower leaves: obovate. Upper leaves lanceolate with entire margins Flowers: small white 5 petals, serrates sepals May-September

Fleabane Stems: unbranched. Lower leaves: oblanceolate, short stalked five teeth. Upper leaves: linear, entire margin 2.5-5cm long. Flowers: numerous, bell shaped 0.5cm long, broad, whitish.

Periwinkle greater Creeping, trailing plant stems 30-90cm/1-3ft Stems: weak Leaves: dark green, ovate, lanceolate up to 8cm long 5cm wide, entire margin Flowers: solitary violet/blue up to 5cm/2in across, 5 petals with a bell shaped corolla tube

Ferny Angelica Hairy biennial or perennial with large lobed bright green ferny leaves, which are serrated and divided into 3. Flowers July - August tiny and yellowish/white, grouped into large umbels Between 120cm/300cm4ft-10ft. Stout stems and hollow

Carrot seed Annual or biennial or perennial herb. Tough white root, hairy fern-like leaves, stems erect and often branched white lacy flowers outer florets larger than inner ones, cushion shaped June – September 50-100cm/20-40in tall.3 forked or pinnate bracts around flower head

Chervil Annual.30cm18 inches. Root thin, whitish. Wiry, bright green fern like leaves. Umbels of tiny white flowers May-June

Coriander Annual, hairless. Maximum 60cm/2 ft Leaves broad, oval, fern like and toothed. Stem round and branching around top Clusters white. Pale mauve Flowers between June and august. Seeds -small round and light brown. Can be separated into halves

Fern male Large fern leaves pale green up to 1.3m Stalk thick, pale brown Spores July-September

Maidenhair fern Fern, creeping rhizome, fan shaped leaflets Leaves pale green Spores: June-September

Flag sweet Perennial, hairless up to 1.5m/5ft Leaves: grass like Stem: triangular Flowers: green/yellow May-June

Plantain ribwort Perennial grass like plant 60-90cm/2-3ft Hairless or slight hair Leaves: narrow, lanceolate Basal leaves rosette Stem: erect Flowers black/brown spikes with yellow anthers April – October

Vanilla grass Perennial up to 20-25cm/8-10in. Tufted grass, short narrow leaves Flowers: yellowish spikes up to 1in

Aconite -A hardy hairless, perennial, which grows to 60-90cm/2-3ft tall. Root: turnip shaped Stems: strong, un-branched, hairy Dark green and glossy leaves above, whitish underneath. Leaves all the way up the stem, palmate, stalked and divided into 5 segments. Purple or blue flowers 5 petals shaped like helmet in June-August tuberous black root Fruit a follicle with 3-5 seeds

Broom Spanish Shrub up to 3m/10ft high, woody branches, bright green leaves, large yellow flowers

Asarabacca Perennial up to 10cm tall Creeping, fleshy, hairy stem Leaves in pairs, dark green, kidney shaped, shiny, leathery surface Flowers: solitary, short stalked purple-brown bell like flowers April –May

Biennial 1m width 3-4m Stems: woody, branched, prickly Leaves: dark green trifoliate prickly, toothed, red/purple in autumn. Flowers five petals pink or white May-September. Fruit comprises of drupelets turning green to red to black August-October

Borage Hardy, hairy annual plant. 30-60cm/1-2 ft Sturdy, hollow, prickly stem. Leaves-dark green, pointed, oval, hairy. Flowers: May-September. Five petalled star, pink then turn blue

Celandine lesser Perennial plant. Hairless short fleshy creeping stems 5-25cm/2-10 in Leaves dark green, heart shaped, long stalks often with blotches or spots Bright yellow flowers star like 8-12 petals March-May (early as mid January in South England when it is mild)

Comfrey Perennial height 90cm/3ft Thick black tap root up to 3m/10ft deep. Stem-rough, hairy, hollow and square. Leaves dark green, hairy pointed ovals up to 25cm long, 10cm wide. Flowers, bell like May-October droop in paired clusters white, cream, pink or mauve bellflowers

Daisy Ox eye Perennial up to 60cm/2ft Leaves: dark green, serrate, spatulate Flowers: large on individual slender stems and daisy like May-September

Horseradish Hardy perennial.50cm/2-3ft. Stems: erect, hollow, branching Leaves dark green, grow directly from ground large, slightly toothed crinkly. White flowers May - September. White tapering root

Marigold marsh Perennial herb 40cm/16in stout, hollow stems, partially creeping arising from a thick creeping rhizome Leaves dark green, kidney shaped Flowers: yellow sepals but no petals 5cm wide March –June Claw like seed pods

Mugwort Perennial downy branched herb up to 1.5m/5ft, purplish, angled, woody, branched stems, dark green pinnate divided, 5-7 lobes, serrate leaves, almost hairless upper surface and are white underneath. Small red/brown flowers July –September Unpleasant smell

Bistort Hardy hairless perennial. 90cm/3ft.Upright, branching stem Broad, oval leaves, silvery hairs on the veins beneath. Flowers pink spikes, June-August

Borage Hardy, hairy annual plant. 30-60cm/1-2 ft Sturdy, hollow, prickly stem. Leaves-dark green, pointed, oval, hairy. Flowers: May-September. Five petalled star, pink then turn blue

Chamomile Maroc 90-125cm tall, hairy leaves, yellow flowers surrounded by white ligulets

Chamomile Roman Small stocky perennial herb up to 30cm/1ft, hairy stem, creeping. Slightly furry leaves. Daisy like yellow/white flowers June-September

Crosswort Stem: slender 30-60cm/1-2ft. Leaves: whorls of 4, ellipsoidal, oblong, hairy. Flowers: yellow, small clusters

Dogs mercury Unbranched herbaceous up to 20cm/8in. Leaves: slender, ovate, fine hair Flowers: develop in leaves axis, green, petalless. Male and female on different plants. Male flowers – spike Females – in groups of 2 or 3

yebright Annual 5-20cm/2-8in. Stems branched Leaves toothed, lanced shaped, hairy, opposite near base, alternate higher. Numerous white or lilac flowers two lipped, four yellow stamens June-September. Semi-parasitic

Bellflower Clustered Perennial, upright up to 30cm-60cm/1-2ft long stalks heart shaped leaves Flowers erect sessile violet/blue clusters June –October

Birthwort Perennial plant. 30-90cm/1-3ft un-branched stems Heart shaped finely toothed leaves. Flowers in clusters in leaf axis yellow-May/June. Fruit: a hanging capsule Attracts flies

Bryony white Hairless perennial climber. Leaves: heart shaped. Flowers: six petalled May. Berries: crimson, egg shaped

Butterbur Perennial. Erect, deciduous up to 1m Leaves stalked, heart shaped and toothed Flowers: blue or red in spikes February – March before the leaves appear

Horehound white Hairy aromatic perennial Height 45cm/18inches. Heart shaped toothed leaves, wrinkled, stalked. Downy white all over Flowers white, tiny, in dense whorls. Calyx –10 hooked teeth June – September

Marshmallow Perennial 90cm/3ft. Grey-green alternate short stalked triangular or heart shaped toothed leaves, White root Tall erect stems. Soft hairs Flowers June-September single pale pink or white.

Scurvy grass Hairless biennial or perennial up to 50cm Low growing plant. Leaves: fleshy heart shaped, upper ones un-stalked Flowers four white petals and smooth May – August

Violet Low creeping perennial up to 15cm/½ft. 12cm/5in spread dark green heart shaped stalked leaves, violet-blue flowers 5 sepals March – May Sweet smell

Lady’s mantle Perennial herb. Up to 50cm/20in densely hairy stems Leaves-blue/green kidney shaped, finely toothed. Clusters of flowers greenish-yellow petal-less yellow stamens May -September

Bog Myrtle Deciduous shrub 0.5-2m/1-6ft. Leaves grey/green, narrow toothed, leathery, lanceolate obovate 2-3cm long, 1cm wide. Shiny red twigs. Flowers red and orange (male and female) catkins on separate plants April – May before leaves

Devil’s bit Leaves: opposite, stalked, lanceolate-ovate. Flowers –blue-purple, florets four lobed, hairy receptacle

Dyer’s greenwood Stems: 15-20cm long, angular. Leaves: hairless, lanceolate sessile, 2cm long, 4mm broad. Flowers: yellow

Foxglove Grecian Biennial Up to 1m tall. Leaves: lanceolate. Basal rosette Flowers stalked pale yellow with brown veins

Lily of the valley Perennial 23-30cm/9-12in Rhizome root Leaves: pale green and in pairs, basal leaves deep ribbed larger than others oblong pointed, lanceolate, up to 15cm long, 5cm wide Flowers: white bell shaped with six stamens May-June. Fruit: red berry September Sweet scent

Loosestrife Herb up to 1m Leaves: short stalked, oval – lanceolate whorls of 2-4 Flowers: yellow 1.5cm-2cm in diameter

Lungwort Perennial, hairy, up to 30cm/1ft Basal leaves white spotted Stem leaves alternate, lanceolate up to 60cm Flowers: bell shaped. Pink then turn blue tubular March-May

Marigold burr Flowers: yellow, button like Leaves: lanceolate, toothed, opposite

Mint horse Mint horse Hairy. Grey foliage up to 1m tall. Stem: rectangular and branching Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, downy Flowers: lilac or white, dense spike

Mouse ear hawkweed Perennial, creeping up to 30cm/1ft Leaves: lanceolate, 3cm long white underneath and sparsely hair above, basal rosette Flowers: single stalked yellow, composite, 2-3cm diameter May-October

Orache spear leaved Trailing or erect annual Leaves triangular or speared shaped usually toothed Upper leaves lanceolate Flowers small June – September

Pellitory of the wall Perennial herb. Leaves: slender, lanceolate-ovate with brittle, reddish, ridged stalks. Flowers: green with yellow stamens

Smartweed Leaves: narrow, lanceolate, sheathed at base. Flowers: white tinged with pink or green on a narrow drooping spike

Calendula Hardy annual herb. 30cm-50cm/12- 20 inches Spindly root, angular, hairy stems. Leaves ovals or lanced shaped, mid green Orange or yellow many petals flowers. Flowers June -October. Seeds curved and rough.

Cornflower Annual or biennial herb.30-90cm/1-3 ft Stems have felty hair Leaves-lances shaped, grey-green. Single blue flower on long stem May-September. Seed silvery and flattish

Flax Annual, hairless up to 90-120cm/3-4ft. Erect stem Leaves: lance shaped to 4cm Flowers: solitary, 5 petals, pale blue saucer shape 1 ½ cm across 3-5 white veins June – July Seeds flat, shiny and brown 5-6mm

Flax purging Leaves: opposite, small. Lower leaves: obovate. Upper leaves lanceolate with entire margins Flowers: small white 5 petals, serrates sepals May-September

Lavender spike Evergreen sub-shrub up to 1m/3ft tall with lance shaped leaves. Flowers dull grey/blue colour

Mint cornmint Herb up to 60cm/2ft, leafy stem, lance shaped leaves, lilac flowers

Dodder Leafless red twining stems. Flowers tiny pink July- October. Twines anticlockwise over gorse and heather. Parasitic suckers

lder dwarf Hairless perennial. Stems erect Leaves opposite, stalked, pinnate, pointed, toothed leaflets Flowers white, pink anthers June-August

Tormentil Creeping, perennial, hairy, erect stems Low growing plant up to 10cm Leaves: 3 toothed leaflets with two basal leaves like stipules giving a 5-fingered effect. trefoil root leaves, stem leaves with 5 leaflets, serrate Flowers: 4 sepals and petals yellow May-September

Blackcurrant Erect, deciduous, thornless shrub up to 1.5m/5ft. Aromatic leaves when crushed. Leaves: large, stalked, rounded 3-5 lobed Flowers drooping stalked spikes April- May. Opaque black berries June – July

Buttercup celery leaved Hairless up to 1m tall. Leaves 3 lobed, toothed Flowers: yellow June-November

Foxglove Biennial or perennial 1-2m/3-6ft tall. Stems: Erect, unbranched covered in soft hairs. Leaves: ovate, opposite, broad, blunt, finely toothed, soft green/grey underneath, 10-30cm long up to 10cm wide, sub-acute apex, crenate margin. Flowers large drooping bells pink/purple with dark spots surrounded by white rings inside each one of them June – September

Groundsel Low annual. Leaves: pinnately lobed. Flowers: yellow, 6mm long, 3mm broad, loose clusters Bracts: black tipped

Hemp agrimony Perennial, hairy 90-150cm/36-60in Stems: red-purple tinged, stiff, erect, angular, rough Leaves: palmate, grey/green toothed, three lobed, mostly paired. Flowers protruding stamens, massed together forming broad, flat top clusters, usually pink/purple occasionally white. Tubular

Meadowsweet Aromatic perennial. 60-120cm/2-4ft. Stems: stiff, upright, hairless Branched towards top. Leaves: long stalked, pinnate with 2-5 pairs of leaflets over 2cm long silvery below Stipules green above, downy beneath Flowers: dense clusters creamy white 5-6 petals, 25mm across June – October. Strong aroma

Parsley piert Annual, hairy Leaves: three lobed, fan shaped, serrate Flowers: small, no petals green May-October

Cade Large evergreen shrub up to 4m/13ft high, dark needles, brown/black berries

Crosswort Stem: slender 30-60cm/1-2ft. Leaves: whorls of 4, ellipsoidal, oblong, hairy. Flowers: yellow, small clusters

Primrose Herbaceous perennial. Height 5-12cm/2-4in inches. Stems slender, soft hair Leaves: bright green, oblong, form rosettes at base of plant up to 12cm long, 3cm wide, rounded apex, irregular margin Flowers: pale yellow January- May

Cats foot Perennial low creeping Leaves: obovate, white, cottony on the under surface Flowers: White or pink flowers, sepal like bracts May-August

Flax purging Leaves: opposite, small. Lower leaves: obovate. Upper leaves lanceolate with entire margins Flowers: small white 5 petals, serrates sepals May-September

Houseleek Evergreen perennial. Fiberous root. Leaves: rosettes 5-8cm in diameter, fleshy, sessile, oblong-ovate, incurved, pointed, hairy at margin. Wedge shaped, pointed leaves.

Arnica Perennial alpine aromatic herb. Up to 60cm/2ft branching stems Basal leaves ovate or obovate Stem leaves opposite un-stalked Daisy like flower June-August

Balm Herbaceous perennial. 90cm/3ft. Stem-hairy and square. Leaves-opposite, stalked, hairy, 3-4cm long, ovate, wrinkled, coarse serrate margin, rounded base and lemon scented. Flower-small yellow buds that turn into white or pink flowers June-August

Buckthorn Perennial spiny deciduous shrub or small tree up to 8m Leaves alternate, opposite Flowers: Greenish groups of 2-8 May-June Fruit Black berries, globular 8-10mm September

Bugle Creeping biennial or perennial 10-30cm/4-12in tall with a square-ish stem. Flowers: little, blue, pink or white, tubular April-July Leaves oval, opposite, lightly toothed and shiny

Centaury Annual or biennial Hairless Up to 60cm/2ft Root-woody and fibrous. Leaves –opposite, ovate. Pink/Red flowers July-September five petals. Flowers open early morning but close around noon

Creeping Jenny Hairless perennial up to 5cm tall, creeping stems up to 50cm long, Leaves opposite, round to ovate, stalked Flowers: solitary 5 petals yellow May-July

Devil’s bit Leaves: opposite, stalked, lanceolate-ovate. Flowers –blue-purple, florets four lobed, hairy receptacle

lder dwarf Hairless perennial. Stems erect Leaves opposite, stalked, pinnate, pointed, toothed leaflets Flowers white, pink anthers June-August

Figwort Perennial, erect up to 1.2m Stems: rectangular, glandular hairs, quadrangular Leaves opposite, short stalked, oval, pointed, toothed, 10-12cm long, 3-5cm wide Flowers: green/brown June-July

Flax purging Leaves: opposite, small. Lower leaves: obovate. Upper leaves lanceolate with entire margins Flowers: small white 5 petals, serrates sepals May-September

Gentian great yellow Perennial hairless up to 1.5m, simple hollow stems. Leaves to 30cm long, opposite and strong veins Flowers: yellow July-August

Germander hedge Evergreen perennial up to 36cm/14in Leaves opposite, oval, pointed, rounded toothed, dark, shiny, leathery up to 3cm long, 1cm broad Flowers lavender –pink, two lipped July-August

Gipsy wort Perennial hairless up to 1m Leaves opposite, toothed Flowers: White, un-stalked July – September occur at base of leaves

Marigold burr Flowers: yellow, button like Leaves: lanceolate, toothed, opposite

Mint horse Mint horse Hairy. Grey foliage up to 1m tall. Stem: rectangular and branching Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, downy Flowers: lilac or white, dense spike

Mint peppermint Perennial herb up to 1m/3ft. Hairy or hairless. Erect red tinged, quadrangular, stems. Leaves opposite, ovate up to 9cm long, 3cm wide, petiolate with serrate margin, tinged with purple. Flowers stalked, small, lilac, red/purple in tight whorls at base of the leaves July-September

Oregano Perennial woody herb up to 90cm. Leaves: small, opposite, oval up to 1.5cm long, 1cm wide. Flowers: white or purple/pink, small, tubular, darker purple calyx

Periwinkle lesser Evergreen, perennial hairless, spreading plant 5-10cm/2-4in. Leaves: in opposite pairs, ovate short stalked Flowers solitary, stalked blue March – July Long underground stems

Pimpernel scarlet Prostate annual. Leaves: opposite 1-2cm long, 1cm broad, ovate, sessile, black dots on undersurface. Flowers: small, scarlet, star like, finely toothed

Rupturewort smooth Creeping annual or perennial. Stem: brittle Leaves opposite, oval Flowers small, round, un-stalked July – September

Sage wood Perennial downy Upright, woody stems with spikes of green/yellow flowers, prominent stamens. Up to 30cm/1ft Leaves toothed opposite July –September

St John’s Wort Perennial 40-80cm/16-32in tall Hairless stiff, erect branched stems. Leaves untoothed, un-stalked opposite, sessile and oval. Flowers yellow, 5 petals, clusters black dots many stamens, no nectar May – September

Bilberry Deciduous shrub. Hairless twigs, height 20-50cm/8-12in. Leaves oval, slight toothed, very short stalked. Flowers solitary, drooping, green/pink April-June. Fruit – small, round, black July – September

Bistort Hardy hairless perennial. 90cm/3ft.Upright, branching stem Broad, oval leaves, silvery hairs on the veins beneath. Flowers pink spikes, June-August

Borage Hardy, hairy annual plant. 30-60cm/1-2 ft Sturdy, hollow, prickly stem. Leaves-dark green, pointed, oval, hairy. Flowers: May-September. Five petalled star, pink then turn blue

Bugle Creeping biennial or perennial 10-30cm/4-12in tall with a square-ish stem. Flowers: little, blue, pink or white, tubular April-July Leaves oval, opposite, lightly toothed and shiny

Chickweed Annual or biennial. Numerous, branching weak stems up to 45cm/18in. Stems-pale green, fine hair, juicy, jointed. Leaves oval, stalked, egg shaped in pairs, green, soft. Small, numerous white star like five divided petals. Flowers January-December

Cowberry Small evergreen shrub 40cm/16in high. Leaves leathery, oval untoothed. Flowers pink or white open in clusters May – July. Fruits red, spherical

Dock Perennial. 90cm/3ft Large oval pointed leaves, wavy margin. White fleshly Roots Flowers greenish June-October

lecampane Large, hardy herbaceous perennial. Up to 240cm/8ft. Roots - thick, dark brown. Stems-hairy, erect and filled with spongy pith. Leaves coarse, thick and toothed. Green on top, grey underneath. Upper leaves oval Yellow flowers June-October

Figwort Perennial, erect up to 1.2m Stems: rectangular, glandular hairs, quadrangular Leaves opposite, short stalked, oval, pointed, toothed, 10-12cm long, 3-5cm wide Flowers: green/brown June-July

Germander hedge Evergreen perennial up to 36cm/14in Leaves opposite, oval, pointed, rounded toothed, dark, shiny, leathery up to 3cm long, 1cm broad Flowers lavender –pink, two lipped July-August

Loosestrife Herb up to 1m Leaves: short stalked, oval – lanceolate whorls of 2-4 Flowers: yellow 1.5cm-2cm in diameter

Marjoram Herbaceous perennial 60cm/2ft. Leaves oval, untoothed. Flowers pale pink/purple July – October

Marjoram wild Perennial hairy branching 75cm/30in Stems: square Leaves: opposite oval pointed lower leaves stalked upper leaves un stalked Flowers: purple, 2 lipped, clustered August – October. Aromatic

Melilotus Bushy perennial/biennial herb up to 1m/3ft, smooth erect stems, pinnately, trifoliate, oval leaves, white or yellow 5-6cm long flowers June - September. Hairless brown seed pods

Oregano Perennial woody herb up to 90cm. Leaves: small, opposite, oval up to 1.5cm long, 1cm wide. Flowers: white or purple/pink, small, tubular, darker purple calyx

Pellitory of the wall Perennial herb. Leaves: slender, lanceolate-ovate with brittle, reddish, ridged stalks. Flowers: green with yellow stamens

Poppy opium Annual sturdy, hairless up to 1.2m/4ft. Blue/green foliage milky sap Stems: unbranched Leaves oval, toothed Flower: white or reddish with purple base and streaks up to 10cm June-August. Fruit: black seeds

Restharrow Perennial, woody, hairy, sharp spines Low growing, woody Leaves: roundish, oval or trefoil Flowers: bright pink, leafy spikes. Stipules covered with tiny hairs attached to leaf stalk June – September

Rupturewort smooth Creeping annual or perennial. Stem: brittle Leaves opposite, oval Flowers small, round, un-stalked July – September

Stonecrop yellow Hairless 5-10cm/2-4in Short stems Leaves: oval, fleshy Flowers: bright yellow June- July

Bog bean Aquatic or creeping perennial. hairless plant up to 30cm/1ft Leaves: long stalked, ovate, trefoil Flowers: star shaped pink outside, white inside fringed with long white hair May-June Fruit: globular

Centaury Annual or biennial Hairless Up to 60cm/2ft Root-woody and fibrous. Leaves –opposite, ovate. Pink/Red flowers July-September five petals. Flowers open early morning but close around noon

Creeping Jenny Hairless perennial up to 5cm tall, creeping stems up to 50cm long, Leaves opposite, round to ovate, stalked Flowers: solitary 5 petals yellow May-July

Devil’s bit Leaves: opposite, stalked, lanceolate-ovate. Flowers –blue-purple, florets four lobed, hairy receptacle

Horehound black Lower leaves: cordate Upper leaves: ovate, downy with crenate margin. Flowers: purplish, labiate, calyx with 5 spreading broadly ovate teeth

Lilac Perennial up to 5-7m/16-23ft Leaves: pointed ovate Flowers: white, pink/mauve or purple in summer

Mint horse Mint horse Hairy. Grey foliage up to 1m tall. Stem: rectangular and branching Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, downy Flowers: lilac or white, dense spike

Pennyroyal Creeping perennial stems 7-15cm/3-6in high. Stems: branched almost hairless Leaves ovate short stalked up to 2-3cm, serrate Flowers July & August –lilac

Periwinkle lesser Evergreen, perennial hairless, spreading plant 5-10cm/2-4in. Leaves: in opposite pairs, ovate short stalked Flowers solitary, stalked blue March – July Long underground stems

Pimpernel scarlet Prostate annual. Leaves: opposite 1-2cm long, 1cm broad, ovate, sessile, black dots on undersurface. Flowers: small, scarlet, star like, finely toothed

Raspberry Slender perennial shrub up to 2m/6ft slightly spiny. Leaves toothed, oval often whitish beneath, stalked, pinnate, 3-5 leaflets up to 12cm. Leaflets ovate, acuminate, rounded at base, toothed margin Flowers small white in clusters Fruit red fruit berry formed by drupelets July – September

Dead nettle white Hairy patch forming perennial with square stem up to 60cm/24in. Leaves in pairs, triangular, pointed, coarsely toothed. Flowers creamy/white whorls, un-stalked March - November

Burnet Saxifrage Leaves: pinnate. Leaflets: oval, serrate. Flowers: white globular umbels

Burning bush Tall. Hairy plant up to 1.2m. leaves stalked, pinnate with 7-11 finely toothed oval leaflets Flowers May-June

Cuckoo flower Perennial herb, almost hairless stems up to 30cm/1ft with a rosette of stalked pinnate leaves Flowers start lilac turn white four petals, stalked April – June

lder dwarf Hairless perennial. Stems erect Leaves opposite, stalked, pinnate, pointed, toothed leaflets Flowers white, pink anthers June-August

Groundsel Low annual. Leaves: pinnately lobed. Flowers: yellow, 6mm long, 3mm broad, loose clusters Bracts: black tipped

Hedge mustard Perennial Stems: long, spreading Leaves: rosette, deeply pinnately Flowers: pale yellow, 3mm diameter, shaped like a cross April-November Pods: 6-20mm long, pressed against stem

Jacob’s ladder Perennial herb up to 90cm/3ft erect stems Leaves: pinnate, alternate Flowers: lavender blue bell shaped in clusters 5 petals May-June

Melilotus Bushy perennial/biennial herb up to 1m/3ft, smooth erect stems, pinnately, trifoliate, oval leaves, white or yellow 5-6cm long flowers June - September. Hairless brown seed pods

Rue goats Perennial hairless bushy up to 90cm/3ft. Leaves: pinnate Flowers: purple, blue or white July-September followed by long pods

Tansy Hardy perennial almost hairless. Up to 1m/3ft Stems branched towards top. Leaves un-stalked, dark green, pinnate, toothed segments Clusters of yellow, button shaped, petalless flowers July-October. Creeping roots, dark ferny leaves. Very aromatic

Borage Hardy, hairy annual plant. 30-60cm/1-2 ft Sturdy, hollow, prickly stem. Leaves-dark green, pointed, oval, hairy. Flowers: May-September. Five petalled star, pink then turn blue

Dead nettle white Hairy patch forming perennial with square stem up to 60cm/24in. Leaves in pairs, triangular, pointed, coarsely toothed. Flowers creamy/white whorls, un-stalked March – November

Dock Perennial. 90cm/3ft Large oval pointed leaves, wavy margin. White fleshly Roots Flowers greenish June-October

lder dwarf Hairless perennial. Stems erect Leaves opposite, stalked, pinnate, pointed, toothed leaflets Flowers white, pink anthers June-August

Figwort Perennial, erect up to 1.2m Stems: rectangular, glandular hairs, quadrangular Leaves opposite, short stalked, oval, pointed, toothed, 10-12cm long, 3-5cm wide Flowers: green/brown June-July

Germander hedge Evergreen perennial up to 36cm/14in Leaves opposite, oval, pointed, rounded toothed, dark, shiny, leathery up to 3cm long, 1cm broad Flowers lavender –pink, two lipped July-August

Lilac Perennial up to 5-7m/16-23ft Leaves: pointed ovate Flowers: white, pink/mauve or purple in summer

Creeping Jenny Hairless perennial up to 5cm tall, creeping stems up to 50cm long, Leaves opposite, round to ovate, stalked Flowers: solitary 5 petals yellow May-July

Agrimony -Perennial that grows up to 250-100cm/20-40in high. Hairy, erect stems Mid green leaves with serrated edges and grow in alternate large and small pairs along dark green slender stem. Small bright yellow five petalled flowers on a tapering spike and are apricot scented. June – September

Angelica Hairy biennial or perennial with large lobed bright green ferny leaves, which are serrated and divided into 3. Flowers July - August tiny and yellowish/white, grouped into large umbels Between 120cm/300cm4ft-10ft. Stout stems and hollow

Daisy Ox eye Perennial up to 60cm/2ft Leaves: dark green, serrate, spatulate Flowers: large on individual slender stems and daisy like May-September

Mint horse Mint horse Hairy. Grey foliage up to 1m tall. Stem: rectangular and branching Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, downy Flowers: lilac or white, dense spike

Parsley piert Annual, hairy Leaves: three lobed, fan shaped, serrate Flowers: small, no petals green May-October

Dyer’s greenwood Stems: 15-20cm long, angular. Leaves: hairless, lanceolate sessile, 2cm long, 4mm broad. Flowers: yellow

Mint horse Mint horse Hairy. Grey foliage up to 1m tall. Stem: rectangular and branching Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, downy Flowers: lilac or white, dense spike

Daisy Ox eye Perennial up to 60cm/2ft Leaves: dark green, serrate, spatulate Flowers: large on individual slender stems and daisy like May-September

Mustard black Annual Erect green/grey annual up to 3m/10ft. Hairy at base Spear shaped upper leaves, smooth flat pods, and bright yellow flowers June – August. Seed pods against stems

Orache spear leaved Trailing or erect annual Leaves triangular or speared shaped usually toothed Upper leaves lanceolate Flowers small June – September

Avens Perennial 30-60cm/1-2 ft. Hairy stems Leaves in groups of 3, long stalked Flowers: yellow, solitary 5 petals May-October

Barberry Perennial thorny deciduous bush up to 3m tall. Pale green to pale grey bark. Leaves: short stalked spiny teeth Flowers: yellow May-June Fruit: purple berries