Herbs and Herbalism
Plant ID
Asia - Trees
Evergreen
Anise Star Evergreen tree up to 12 metres tall. Slender white trunk. Its fruit contain 5-13 seed bearing follicles attached to the central axis in the shape of a star
Arjuna Large evergreen tree, drooping branches.
Bark: smooth, pink-grey Leaves: large, elliptical Flowers: cup shaped in spikes.
Fruits: ovoid up to 5cm
Carob Evergreen tree. Up to 10m Trunk: short
and grey/brown bark Leaves dark green divided into pairs of oblong rounded leaflets,
lighter on underside Flowers: green May-October Pods 10-30cm long, 3-5cm broad,
containing dark brown seeds
Juniper Evergreen conifer. Up to 1.5-3.5m/4-12ft.
Stem: reddish Leaves prickly needles in whorls of three Flowers small yellow
at base of leaves May – June Fruit green berry like cone in June ripens to dark
purple berries September or October
Lemon Evergreen tree up to 6m/20ft, serrated
oval broad shiny leaves, thorns Flowers white March-September Fruit: yellow
Malabar tree Evergreen. Leaves: up to 15cm
long, 4cm wide, short stalked, opposite, lanceolate, tapering to an acute apex
with entire margins
Mandarin Small evergreen tree up to 6m/20ft, glossy leaves, orange fruit
Mango Large evergreen tree. Leaves: linear
or oblong
Orange bitter Evergreen tree up to10m/33ft.
Dark green glossy leaves, grey trunk, white flowers March-May Fruit: orange
Orange blossom Evergreen tree up to 10m/33ft with glossy dark green leaves, and white flowers
Acacia
Medium sized deciduous tree. Sharp spines. Fruits: large, globular or ovoid, divided internally like an orange
Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over
90 ft
Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.
The leaves open in April and are rounded and
inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With
a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually
get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow
pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when
young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate
The male flowers are arranged in catkins and
are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails.
The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones
with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody.
It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots
Myrobalan belereic Large deciduous tree Bark: blue/grey. Leaves: elliptical up to 25cm long. Flowers: green/yellow in auxiliary spikes
Fig Deciduous shrub or tree Trunk: short Bark
brown or grey Leaves: alternate Flowers: June-September. Fruit: small
Sandalwood Evergreen parasitic tree up to
9m/30ft, brown/grey trunk, smooth slender branches and pink/purple flowers
Sea buckthorn Branched shrub or small tree Up to 6m Thorny, red/brown branches Leaves: alternate, dark green Flowers: yellow March-April Fruit: orange berry
Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over
90 ft
Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.
The leaves open in April and are rounded and
inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With
a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually
get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow
pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when
young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate
The male flowers are arranged in catkins and
are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails.
The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones
with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody.
It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots
Fig Deciduous shrub or tree Trunk: short Bark
brown or grey Leaves: alternate Flowers: June-September. Fruit: small
Myrobalan belereic Large deciduous tree Bark:
blue/grey. Leaves: elliptical up to 25cm long. Flowers: green/yellow in auxiliary
spikes
Orange bitter Evergreen tree up to10m/33ft.
Dark green glossy leaves, grey trunk, white flowers March-May Fruit: orange
Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft
tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs
Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters
6-9mm. August – November
Sandalwood Evergreen parasitic tree up to 9m/30ft, brown/grey trunk, smooth slender branches and pink/purple flowers
Carob Evergreen tree. Up to 10m Trunk: short
and grey/brown bark Leaves dark green divided into pairs of oblong rounded leaflets,
lighter on underside Flowers: green May-October Pods 10-30cm long, 3-5cm broad,
containing dark brown seeds
Neem Large deciduous tree. Bark: grey/brown
Nutmeg Evergreen tree up to 20m/66ft. Grey/brown bark. Dull yellow flowers
Arjuna Large evergreen tree, drooping branches. Bark: smooth, pink-grey Leaves: large, elliptical Flowers: cup shaped in spikes. Fruits: ovoid up to 5cm
Sea buckthorn Branched shrub or small tree Up to 6m Thorny, red/brown branches Leaves: alternate, dark green Flowers: yellow March-April Fruit: orange berry
Anise Star Evergreen tree up to 12 metres
tall. Slender white trunk. Its fruit contain 5-13 seed bearing follicles attached
to the central axis in the shape of a star
Birch White Deciduous tree up to 30m. Soft
wood. Silver trunk. Leaves ace of spades shape, small; and pointed double toothed
edged light green, short stalked
Male and female flowers on the same tree April-May
Carob Evergreen tree. Up to 10m Trunk: short and grey/brown bark Leaves dark green divided into pairs of oblong rounded leaflets, lighter on underside Flowers: green May-October Pods 10-30cm long, 3-5cm broad, containing dark brown seeds
Almond bitter Tree that grows over 7m/23ft
with pinky-white blossom
Almond sweet Tree Flowers: white or pink late
January
Apple Deciduous Grows up to 9m/30ft with a
girth of 3m/10ft.
Oval leaves with wedge shaped base. Bright
green on top, pale underneath. Purplish buds with white hair White flowers (wild),
pink tinged flowers & thorn-less (domestic) open April – May
Quince Spineless shrub or tree up to 8m Leaves
alternate Flowers white or pale pink May-June. Aromatic fruit
Sandalwood Evergreen parasitic tree up to
9m/30ft, brown/grey trunk, smooth slender branches and pink/purple flowers
Sandalwood Evergreen parasitic tree up to 9m/30ft, brown/grey trunk, smooth slender branches and pink/purple flowers
Fire flame bush Leafy shrub or small tree.
Stems: fluted branching. Flowers: red
Pomegranate Small tree or shrub up to 5m. Dark green shiny mostly opposite oval or lanceolata short stalked leaves, red flowers June-October
Cananga Tall tree up to 30m/98ft yellow flowers
Catechu Black Deciduous tree.25m/80 ft with yellow flowers
Juniper Evergreen conifer. Up to 1.5-3.5m/4-12ft.
Stem: reddish Leaves prickly needles in whorls of three Flowers small yellow
at base of leaves May – June Fruit green berry like cone in June ripens to dark
purple berries September or October
Myrobalan Large deciduous tree. Leaves: glaborous, ovate, elliptic leaves up to 20cm long. Flowers: white or yellow in terminal spikes. Fruits: ovoid, pendulous drupes up to 5cm long, yellow or orange/brown
Almond bitter Tree that grows over 7m/23ft
with pinky-white blossom
Almond sweet Tree Flowers: white or pink late
January
Apple Deciduous Grows up to 9m/30ft with a
girth of 3m/10ft.
Oval leaves with wedge shaped base. Bright
green on top, pale underneath. Purplish buds with white hair White flowers (wild),
pink tinged flowers & thorn-less (domestic) open April – May
Bergamot Tree with height up to 4.5m/15ft,
smooth oval leaves, white flowers small round yellow/green fruit
Camphor Evergreen tree up to 30m/98ft tall.
Small white flowers in clusters, red berries
Grapefruit Tree up to 10m/33ft, glossy leaves,
white flowers, yellow fruit
Horse Chestnut Deciduous tree up to 30m. Large
leaves, white flowers tinged with yellow or pink at the base May-June. The seeds
(conkers) are grown and grown in a green prickly shell.
Lemon Evergreen tree up to 6m/20ft, serrated
oval broad shiny leaves, thorns Flowers white March-September Fruit: yellow
Myrobalan Large deciduous tree. Leaves: glaborous,
ovate, elliptic leaves up to 20cm long. Flowers: white or yellow in terminal
spikes. Fruits: ovoid, pendulous drupes up to 5cm long, yellow or orange/brown
Myrrh Shrub or tree up to 10m/33ft Knotted
branches, small white flowers
Orange bitter Evergreen tree up to10m/33ft.
Dark green glossy leaves, grey trunk, white flowers March-May Fruit: orange
Orange blossom Evergreen tree up to 10m/33ft
with glossy dark green leaves, and white flowers
Quince Spineless shrub or tree up to 8m Leaves
alternate Flowers white or pale pink May-June. Aromatic fruit
Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft
tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs
Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters
6-9mm. August – November
Medlar Deciduous tree up to 6m/20ft tall. Leaves alternate crinkled white hairs beneath, Flowers solitary five white petals with longer green sepals May – June. Fruit resembles a giant brown rosehip with the five tailed calyx protruding from the head of the fruit like a crown
Nutmeg Evergreen tree up to 20m/66ft. Grey/brown
bark. Dull yellow flowers
Sea buckthorn Branched shrub or small tree Up to 6m Thorny, red/brown branches Leaves: alternate, dark green Flowers: yellow March-April Fruit: orange berry
Arjuna Large evergreen tree, drooping branches.
Bark: smooth, pink-grey Leaves: large, elliptical Flowers: cup shaped in spikes.
Fruits: ovoid up to 5cFruit
Chaste Tree Shrub 3-5m tall Leaves: opposite, long stalked, palmate, 5-7 narrow pointed leaflets. Leaflets dark green above, white hairs beneath. June-September Flowers small, bell shaped, 5 lobed Fruit: black berry
Cinnamon Evergreen tree 6-10m/20-30ft Thick bark, stocky branches. Shiny, leathery leaves, small white flowers, blue/white berries
Bergamot Tree with height up to 4.5m/15ft, smooth oval leaves, white flowers small round yellow/green fruit
Crataeva Nurvela Small deciduous tree. Leaves: trifoliate, glabrous. Flowers: large green-white. Fruits: fleshy, ovoid
Myrobalan belereic Large deciduous tree Bark: blue/grey. Leaves: elliptical up to 25cm long. Flowers: green/yellow in auxiliary spikes
Mandarin Small evergreen tree up to 6m/20ft,
glossy leaves, orange fruit
Myrobalan Large deciduous tree. Leaves: glaborous,
ovate, elliptic leaves up to 20cm long. Flowers: white or yellow in terminal
spikes. Fruits: ovoid, pendulous drupes up to 5cm long, yellow or orange/brown
Orange bitter Evergreen tree up to10m/33ft.
Dark green glossy leaves, grey trunk, white flowers March-May Fruit: orange
Sea buckthorn Branched shrub or small tree Up to 6m Thorny, red/brown branches Leaves: alternate, dark green Flowers: yellow March-April Fruit: orange berry
Juniper Evergreen conifer. Up to 1.5-3.5m/4-12ft. Stem: reddish Leaves prickly needles in whorls of three Flowers small yellow at base of leaves May – June Fruit green berry like cone in June ripens to dark purple berries September or October
Camphor Evergreen tree up to 30m/98ft tall.
Small white flowers in clusters, red berries
Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters 6-9mm. August – November
Cinnamon Evergreen tree 6-10m/20-30ft Thick
bark, stocky branches. Shiny, leathery leaves, small white flowers, blue/white
berries
Crataeva Nurvela Small deciduous tree. Leaves: trifoliate, glabrous. Flowers: large green-white. Fruits: fleshy, ovoid
Bergamot Tree with height up to 4.5m/15ft,
smooth oval leaves, white flowers small round yellow/green fruit
Grapefruit Tree up to 10m/33ft, glossy leaves,
white flowers, yellow fruit
Lemon Evergreen tree up to 6m/20ft, serrated
oval broad shiny leaves, thorns Flowers white March-September Fruit: yellow
Myrobalan Large deciduous tree. Leaves: glaborous,
ovate, elliptic leaves up to 20cm long. Flowers: white or yellow in terminal
spikes. Fruits: ovoid, pendulous drupes up to 5cm long, yellow or orange/brown
Myrobalan belereic Large deciduous tree Bark:
blue/grey. Leaves: elliptical up to 25cm long. Flowers: green/yellow in auxiliary
spikeLeaves
Malabar tree Evergreen. Leaves: up to 15cm long, 4cm wide, short stalked, opposite, lanceolate, tapering to an acute apex with entire margins
Fig Deciduous shrub or tree Trunk: short Bark
brown or grey Leaves: alternate Flowers: June-September. Fruit: small
Ginkgo Deciduous tree 30m Branched crown Trunk:
straight Leaves: bright green, alternate, petiolate, glabrous, entire margins,
fan like Flowers April-May. They may live up to 1000 years old
Medlar Deciduous tree up to 6m/20ft tall.
Leaves alternate crinkled white hairs beneath, Flowers solitary five white petals
with longer green sepals May – June. Fruit resembles a giant brown rosehip with
the five tailed calyx protruding from the head of the fruit like a crown
Quince Spineless shrub or tree up to 8m Leaves
alternate Flowers white or pale pink May-June. Aromatic fruit
Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft
tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs
Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters
6-9mm. August – November
Sea buckthorn Branched shrub or small tree
Up to 6m Thorny, red/brown branches Leaves: alternate, dark green Flowers: yellow
March-April Fruit: orange berry
Walnut Large deciduous tree up to 25m. Trunk: broad Leaves: green, alternate, seven-nine leaflets 5-10cm long, 3-4cm wide, Flowers May – June Fruit: light brown
Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over
90 ft
Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.
The leaves open in April and are rounded and
inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With
a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually
get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow
pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when
young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate
The male flowers are arranged in catkins and are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails. The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody. It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots
Ginkgo Deciduous tree 30m Branched crown Trunk: straight Leaves: bright green, alternate, petiolate, glabrous, entire margins, fan like Flowers April-May. They may live up to 1000 years old
Carob Evergreen tree. Up to 10m Trunk: short
and grey/brown bark Leaves dark green divided into pairs of oblong rounded leaflets,
lighter on underside Flowers: green May-October Pods 10-30cm long, 3-5cm broad,
containing dark brown seeds
Mallow common Perennial herb height 90cm/3ft. Fleshy taproot, slightly hairy erect stem. Dark green lobed stalked leaves. Pinkish, purple/bluish five petalled flowers April-October
Arjuna Large evergreen tree, drooping branches. Bark: smooth, pink-grey Leaves: large, elliptical Flowers: cup shaped in spikes. Fruits: ovoid up to 5cm
Ginkgo Deciduous tree 30m Branched crown Trunk: straight Leaves: bright green, alternate, petiolate, glabrous, entire margins, fan like Flowers April-May. They may live up to 1000 years old
Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over
90 ft
Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.
The leaves open in April and are rounded and
inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With
a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually
get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow
pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when
young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate
The male flowers are arranged in catkins and
are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails.
The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones
with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody.
It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots
Malabar tree Evergreen. Leaves: up to 15cm
long, 4cm wide, short stalked, opposite, lanceolate, tapering to an acute apex
with entire margins
Pomegranate Small tree or shrub up to 5m. Dark green shiny mostly opposite oval or lanceolata short stalked leaves, red flowers June-October
Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft
tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs
Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters
6-9mm. August – November
Walnut Large deciduous tree up to 25m. Trunk: broad Leaves: green, alternate, seven-nine leaflets 5-10cm long, 3-4cm wide, Flowers May – June Fruit: light brown
Mango Large evergreen tree. Leaves: linear or oblong
Chaste Tree Shrub 3-5m tall Leaves: opposite, long stalked, palmate, 5-7 narrow pointed leaflets. Leaflets dark green above, white hairs beneath. June-September Flowers small, bell shaped, 5 lobed Fruit: black berry
Malabar tree Evergreen. Leaves: up to 15cm
long, 4cm wide, short stalked, opposite, lanceolate, tapering to an acute apex
with entire margins
Pomegranate Small tree or shrub up to 5m. Dark green shiny mostly opposite oval or lanceolata short stalked leaves, red flowers June-October
Apple Deciduous Grows up to 9m/30ft with a
girth of 3m/10ft.
Oval leaves with wedge shaped base. Bright
green on top, pale underneath. Purplish buds with white hair White flowers (wild),
pink tinged flowers & thorn-less (domestic) open April – May
Bergamot Tree with height up to 4.5m/15ft,
smooth oval leaves, white flowers small round yellow/green fruit
Lemon Evergreen tree up to 6m/20ft, serrated
oval broad shiny leaves, thorns Flowers white March-September Fruit: yellow
Pomegranate Small tree or shrub up to 5m. Dark green shiny mostly opposite oval or lanceolata short stalked leaves, red flowers June-October
Myrobalan Large deciduous tree. Leaves: glaborous, ovate, elliptic leaves up to 20cm long. Flowers: white or yellow in terminal spikes. Fruits: ovoid, pendulous drupes up to 5cm long, yellow or orange/brown
Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over
90 ft
Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.
The leaves open in April and are rounded and
inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With
a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually
get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow
pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when
young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate
The male flowers are arranged in catkins and
are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails.
The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones
with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody.
It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots
Lemon Evergreen tree up to 6m/20ft, serrated oval broad shiny leaves, thorns Flowers white March-September Fruit: yellow
Birch White Deciduous tree up to 30m. Soft
wood. Silver trunk. Leaves ace of spades shape, small; and pointed double toothed
edged light green, short stalked
Male and female flowers on the same tree April-May
Chaste Tree Shrub 3-5m tall Leaves: opposite, long stalked, palmate, 5-7 narrow pointed leaflets. Leaflets dark green above, white hairs beneath. June-September Flowers small, bell shaped, 5 lobed Fruit: black berry
Malabar tree Evergreen. Leaves: up to 15cm long, 4cm wide, short stalked, opposite, lanceolate, tapering to an acute apex with entire margins
Alder –Common Black-Tree which grows over
90 ft
Black or dark grey bark that is very wrinkled.
The leaves open in April and are rounded and
inverted heart shape with the broadest part furthest away from the stem. With
a toothed edge and blunt tip. They are light green when they 1st open but gradually
get darker before falling in November. The leaf bud is enclosed in a brown/yellow
pair of bud scales which peel back as the leaf opens The leaves are sticky when
young as a gum is produced to ward off moisture. Alternate
The male flowers are arranged in catkins and
are visible in winter as brown oval buds. In march they form into lambs tails.
The female ones are a cluster of small flowers, which develop, into woody cones
with small winged nutlets. The cones are green at 1st but become hard and woody.
It matures aged 30 and can live up to 150 years. Many tiny roots
Rowan Small deciduous tree up to 20m/66ft
tall with smooth grey bark Leaves alternate, toothed, leaflets in 5-10pairs
Flowers small, white in umbel May, five petals, five sepals. Red berry clusters
6-9mm. August – November
Crataeva Nurvela Small deciduous tree. Leaves: trifoliate, glabrous. Flowers: large green-white. Fruits: fleshy, ovoid
Apple Deciduous Grows up to 9m/30ft with a
girth of 3m/10ft.
Oval leaves with wedge shaped base. Bright green on top, pale underneath. Purplish buds with white hair White flowers (wild), pink tinged flowers & thorn-less (domestic) open April – May
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