Pine –Dwarf
|
Botanical Name |
Pinus mugo var. pumilio |
|
Family |
Pinaceae |
|
Other Names |
Pine needle, mountain pine, P. Montana, P. pumilio, P. mugo, Swiss mountain pine |
|
Description |
Shrub or small tree up to12m/40ft, black bark, stiff needles in clusters and brown cones |
|
Native to |
Southern Europe |
|
Actions |
Analgesic, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antitussive, antiviral, balsamic, diuretic, expectorant, rubefacient |
|
Extraction |
Steam distillation of needles and twigs |
|
Constituents |
Monoterpene hydrocarbons: limonene, pinenes, phellandrene, dipentene, camphene, myrcene, bornyl acetate |
|
Caution |
Do not use |
Pine-Longleaf
|
Botanical Name |
Pinus palustris |
|
Family |
Pinaceae |
|
Other Names |
Longleaf yellow pine, pine, pitch pine, southern yellow pine |
|
Description |
Evergreen tree, long needles |
|
Native to |
USA |
|
Actions |
Antirheumatic, antiseptic, bactericidal, expectorant, insecticidal, stimulant |
|
Extraction |
Steam distillation of sawdust |
|
Constituents |
Terpineol, estragole, fenchone, fenchyl alcohol, borneol |
|
Circulatory, muscle joint |
Arthritis, lumbago, poor circulation, rheumatism |
|
Respiratory |
Asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, sinusitis |
|
Other Uses |
Soaps, toiletries, bath products, detergents, insecticides |
Pine-Scotch
|
Botanical Name |
Pinus sylvestris |
|
Family |
Pinaceae |
|
Other Names |
Forest pine, Norway pine, pine needle, Scott's pine, |
|
Habitat |
Woods |
|
Description |
Tall evergreen tree up to 40m/131ft, red/brown bark, long stiff needles, orange flowers and pointed brown cones |
|
Aroma |
Sharp, fresh |
|
Native to |
Britain, Europe |
|
Cultivated in |
USA, Europe |
|
Parts used |
Needles, buds |
|
Cultivation |
Well drained soil but not chalk |
|
Harvesting |
As required |
|
Actions |
Antimicrobial, antineuralgic, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, antiviral, bactericidal, balsamic, cholagogue, choleretic, decongestant, deodorant, diuretic, expectorant, hypertensive, insecticidal, restorative, rubefacient, stimulant, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge |
|
Extraction |
Dry distillation of needles |
|
Constituents |
50-90% Monoterpene hydrocarbons: pinenes, careen, dipentene, limonene, terpinenes, myrcene, ocimene, camphene, sabinene; also bornyl acetate, cineol, citral, chamazulene , borneol, terpinyl acetate, cadinene, phellandrene, sylvestrene |
|
Combines with |
Cedarwood, cypress, lavender, myrtle, petitgrain, rosemary, tea tree |
|
Note |
Middle |
|
Skin |
Cuts, live, scabies, sores |
|
Circulatory, muscle joint |
Arthritis, gout, poor circulation, rheumatism |
|
Respiratory |
Asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, sinusitis, sore throats |
|
Genito-urinary |
Cystitis |
|
Immune |
Colds, flu |
|
Nervous system |
Fatigue, nervous exhaustion, stress, neuralgia |
|
Other Uses |
Soaps, detergents, cosmetics, toiletries, buildings |
|
Other Notes |
Symbol of birth, new life, fertility Tree of illumination Used in religious ceremonies in Greece, Egypt and Arabia as well as being associated with fire festivals |
|
Caution |
Do not use on children Do not use undiluted volatile oil on skin |
Pine White
|
Botanical Name |
Pinus strobus |
|
Family |
Pinaceae |
|
Other Names |
Deal pine, eastern white pine |
|
Native to |
North America |
|
Parts Used |
Inner bark |
|
Actions |
Demulcent, diuretic, expectorant |
|
Constituents |
Conferin, coniferyl alcohol Diterpenes: strobol, strobal, abienol Triterpenes: 3-beta-methoxyserrat-14-en-21-one Essential oil, mucilage |