Pepper – Black
|
Botanical Name |
Piper nigrum |
|
Family |
Piperaceae |
|
Other Names |
Pepper, piper |
|
Description |
Perennial woody vine up to 5m/16ft, heart shaped leaves, small white flowers, berries |
|
Native to |
India |
|
Parts Used |
Fruit |
|
Actions |
Analgesic, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, aperitif, aphrodisc, bactericidal, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, febrifuge, laxative, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic |
|
Extraction |
Steam distillation of peppercorns |
|
Constituents |
sabinene, careen, phellandrene, sesquiterpenes Volatile oil: (2-4%): sabinene, beta bisabolene, camphene, guaiacol, beta caryophyllene, alpha cubebene, beta farnesene, hydrocarveol, limonene, myrcene, myristicin, alpha pinene, beta pinene, safrole, alpha selinene, beta selinine, alpha thujene, piperonal Alkaloids and amides: piperine, piperaine, piperylin, piperettine, piperolein A and B, cumaperine, sarmentine, piperidine Fixed oil, vitamins, amino acids |
|
Combines with |
Frankincense, juniper, lemon and sandalwood |
|
Skin |
Chilblains |
|
Circulatory, muscle joint |
Anaemia, arthritis, neuralgia, poor circulation. Sprains |
|
Respiratory |
Catarrh |
|
Digestive |
Colic, constipation, diarrhoea, flatulence, heartburn, nausea |
|
Immune |
Colds, flu |
|
Other Notes |
Used in the East for over 4000 years |
|
Caution |
Use in moderation |
Pepper – jalapeno
|
Botanical Name |
Capsicum annum |
|
Family |
Nightshade |
|
Other Names |
Sweet pepper |
|
Description |
Annual or short-lived hairless perennial up to 1.5m/5ft Erect branching stems Flowers solitary white –green bell shaped. June-September Fruits up to 15cm/6in long |
|
Native to |
America |
|
Constituents |
Capsaicin, carotenoids, flavone-glycosides, vitamin C |
|
Culinary Uses |
Fruit: Pickles, chutney, sauces |
Pepper Long
|
Botanical Name |
Piper longum |
|
Family |
Piperaceae |
|
Description |
Perennial climber |
|
Native to |
South Asia |
|
Parts Used |
Fruit, root |
|
Actions |
Anti-asthmatic, carminative, laxative, stimulant |
|
Constituents |
Volatile oil: beta bisabolene, beta caryophyllene, pentadecane, dihydrocarveol, alpha thujune, piperonal, terpinolene, zingiberene Alkaloids and amides: piperine, methylpiperine, tetrahydropiperine, piperlongumine, piperettine, pipernonaline, asarinine, pelleterine, longamide, piperidine. Lignans: sesamin, pulviotol, fargesin Fixed oil: esters of trideecanoic, octadecenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid Vitamins and amino acids |